托福閱讀題型一直是很多同學學習的難點，主要是閱讀題考察大量的詞匯和語法，如果詞匯和語法知識面掌握的不夠，很容易出現“誤解”的情況，因此就會出現無法閱讀理解原文無法理解的情況，今天我們朗思教育托福培訓班老師給大家介紹一下托福閱讀比拿分題型：插入題之指代邏輯。

一、我們先來看一下托福閱讀中插入題的出題形式

  解析：左邊最上面是要求，最下面是插入句；右邊段落中有4個黑色實體方塊，相當于是A,B,C,D4個選項看一下插入句放在哪個位置最合適。

  插入題是閱讀中必出的一道題，它的位置總是固定的，在每篇文章的倒數第二題。很多同學會在這道題目上栽跟頭或者花費過長的時間，這其中的一個原因可能是做到此題的時候時間不太夠了，還有最后一道題沒有做，心里會有點焦慮，其實這道題本身并不是很難，并且有很強的做題技巧。插入題插入句中經常出現代詞，那我們今天就著重講一下指代邏輯。

二、插入句：在插入句中我們經常會遇到代詞或者代詞+名詞或者the +名詞，一般會代指前面出現過的名詞，所以我們要去前面找，但是要注意的是這個代詞和原文中的詞并不一定是同一個詞，這時候我們要找更概括性的名詞或者這個名詞的近義詞，比如插入句中出現findings，前文中可能是它的近義詞discovery，插入句中出現了表示動物叫聲的call，前文中可能會提到cry。

  下面是補充的一些插入句中常出現的代詞
  1、人稱代詞（Personal Pronouns） ：I, you, he, she, they, them,him, her等
  2、物主代詞：my, his ,her, their,hers 等
  3、指示代詞：this, that, it, these, those 等

三、接下來我們來看例子
  例題1：
  插入句：The findings of these geologists inspired others to examine the rock and fossil records in different parts of the world.
  Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging: certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent. By following the fossils, Smith was able to put all the strata of England s earth into relative temporal sequence. About the same time, Georges Cuvier made the same discovery while studying the rocks around Paris. Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere. It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna. Limestone may be found in the Cambrian or—300 million years later—in the Jurassic strata, but a trilobite—the ubiquitous marine arthropod that had its birth in the Cambrian—will never be found in Jurassic strata, nor a dinosaur in the Cambrian.
  解析：根據我們上面講的指代邏輯，插入句中出現了the findings，these geologists（地質學家），說明前面得出現兩個或者兩個以上的地質學家，并且會提到這些地質學家的發現。根據這些點，我們首先知道不應該放在第一個空和第二個空，因為這兩個空前面只有Smith 這一個地質學家，第二個空后面出現了第二個地質學Georges Cuvier ，并且說到Georges Cuvier made the same discovery，暫定第三個空是合適的，第四個空前一句講的是動物演替的原則，后一句講的是也是植物演替的原則，可以看出來兩句之間銜接比較緊密，那我們就不能放在第四個空，綜合來看應該放在第三個空。

例題2
  插入句：The cheeping provides important information to the parent, but it could also attract the attention of others
  Many signals that animals make seem to impose on the signalers costs that are overly damaging. A classic example is noisy begging by nestling songbirds when a parent returns to the nest with food. These loud cheeps and peeps might give the location of the nest away to a listening hawk or raccoon, resulting in the death of the defenseless nestlings. In fact, when tapes of begging tree swallows were played at an artificial swallow nest containing an egg, the egg in that “noisy” nest was taken or destroyed by predators before the egg in a nearby quiet nest in 29 of 37 trials.
  解析：插入句中出現了the cheeping， the parent，那前面應該會提到叫聲和父／母，插入句的意思是這些叫聲會給父母提供重要的信息，但是也會吸引其他（動物）的注意力。我們可以看到原文中的第二句話出現了cheeping 的近義詞begging和a parent， 第三句話說到把鳥巢的位置暴露給鷹或者浣熊，放在第二個空正好起到承上啟下的作用，能夠把兩句話緊密銜接起來，所以答案就是第二個空。

例題3
  插入句：During this period, Sweden had the highest rate of growth of output per capita of any country in Europe, and Denmark was second.
  While some European countries, such as England and Germany, began to industrialize in the eighteenth century, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden developed later.  All four of these countries lagged considerably behind in the early nineteenth century.  However, they industrialized rapidly in the second half of the century, especially in the last two or three decades. In view of their later start and their lack of coal—undoubtedly the main reason they were not among the early industrializers—it is important to understand the sources of their success.
  解析：插入句中出現了this period，說明前面會出現一個時間段，這句話整體想說的是瑞典發展快，段落中的第一句講的是瑞典發展慢，第二句講的是19世紀早期這些國家還是落后，第三句話出現了表示轉折的However, 講到in the last two or three decades 最后的二三十年快速工業化，這里出現了時間段，最后一句話沒有提到時間段，所以很明顯應該放在第三個空。

  總結：插入題中的指代邏輯整體不難，先要把插入句的意思看懂，然后關注句中的一些指代詞，再回到原文中找。以上就是對于指代邏輯的總結，大家可以用上以上的技巧，在考試中可以快速地做對這種題目！